A list of facts can be scary. As you consider the information here, remember that with on-time screening and timely evaluation of symptoms, colon cancer is preventable, treatable and beatable!
About Colorectal Cancer
- Colon cancer is cancer of the colon. Rectal cancer is cancer in the rectum. Together they are colorectal.
- It is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death.
- Colorectal cancer affects men and women, and people of all races and nationalities.
- 30% of CRC diagnoses are under the age of 55.
- The 5-year relative survival rate for stage 1 and stage II colon cancer is 90%; the 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed at stage III is 71% and stage IV is 14%.
- Often, those who are diagnosed with colorectal cancer have experienced no signs or symptoms associated with the disease.
Family History
- People with a parent, sibling, or offspring with colorectal cancer have 2 or 3 times the risk of developing colon cancer compared to those with no family history of the disease.
- While most people diagnosed with colon cancer have no family history of the disease, those with a family history should begin screening at an earlier age.
- When a relative is diagnosed at a young age or if there is more than one affected relative, the risk of developing colorectal cancer increases to three to six times that of the general population.
- Up to one-third of people diagnosed before 50 have a family history or genetic predisposition.
- 5% of patients have an inherited genetic condition such as Lynch syndrome (Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer or HNPCC), Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), or MYH Associated Polyposis (MAP).
Colorectal Cancer in Young People
- CRC is now the leading cause of cancer death in men and the second in women under 50 years old.
- 30% of CRC diagnoses are under age 55.
- While rates of colorectal cancer have been declining among adults 50 years and older, incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing among adults under age 50.
- People born after 1990 have 2 times the risk of developing colon cancer and 4 times the risk of developing rectal cancer than those born in 1950.
- Annually, there will be about 18,000 cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed in people under 50, the equivalent of 49 new cases per day.
- An estimated 49 new cases of colorectal cancer in people under 50 are diagnosed a day, or 18,000 each year.
- Younger adults were more likely than older adults to be diagnosed with late-stage colon or rectal cancers because they are under the recommended screening age.
- Two-thirds of young adults diagnosed with colorectal cancer experience symptoms for months before they’re finally diagnosed.
- Misdiagnosis in adults under 50 often leads to later stage diagnosis and treatment.
What About Screening?
- Screening should begin at age 45 for average risk adults with no family history.
- Colorectal polyps are common in American adults. Anywhere between 15 and 40% of adults may have colon polyps. Approximately 3.4% of polyps are precancerous.
- Screening for colorectal cancer through a colonoscopy can prevent cancer by removing pre-cancerous polyps.
- There are many screening tests available, including some non-invasive, inexpensive tests that can be done in the privacy of your own home.
- Being screened at the recommended frequency increases the likelihood that when colorectal cancer is present, it will be detected at an earlier stage.
- When colorectal cancer is detected in its early stages it is more likely to be cured, treatment is less extensive, and the recovery is much faster.
- The risk of developing or dying from colorectal cancer can be reduced by maintaining a healthy body weight, regular physical activity, limiting intake of red and processed meats, and by not smoking.
- Colorectal cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, and symptoms may not appear until the cancer is more advanced, so on-time screening is critical.
What else?
- Colorectal cancer screening rates have slowly increased, but rates still remain low, especially among those who are uninsured.
- Colorectal cancer incidence rates in individuals of screening age have been declining in the US since the mid-1980s, due to increased awareness and screening.
- Colorectal cancer usually develops slowly over a period of 10 to 15 years.
- Colorectal cancer rates in the US vary widely by geographic area. Contributing factors include regional variations in risk factors and access to screening and treatment.
- Racial/ethnic groups have a higher mortality rate from colorectal cancer because they are less likely to be screened on-time, have less access to screening, and less likely to have colorectal cancer detected at its earliest stages.
- 51% of those ages 50-54 are not up to date on their colorectal cancer screening.
- Total treatment cost for colorectal cancers in the United States is about $14 billion per year.
- With on-time screening and testing, colorectal cancer is Preventable, Treatable and Beatable.
References
American Cancer Society: 2024 Cancer Facts and Figures
American Cancer Society: Key Statistics for Colorectal Cancer
American Cancer Society Press Release: Colorectal Cancer Burden Shifting to Younger Individuals
American Cancer Society: Survival Rates for Colorectal Cancer
National Institutes of Health: Cancer Cost Projections
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Information on these pages is provided for informational purposes only. Consult your own physician before making any medical decisions.